When writing orchestral music it is a great idea to get to know each of the instruments in the orchestra and what they can and cannot do. To help you in your musical journey I thought I would put together a list of orchestral instruments that you need to know.
For ease I have separated the orchestra into its five orchestral instrument families; strings, woodwinds, brass, keyboard, and percussion. Each family has
This list does not include every instrument in the orchestra only the most essential ones to get you started writing orchestral music.
The String Family
Probably the most well-known of all the orchestral families is the string family. They produce their sound by vibrating a string over a resonant body either by bowing, plucking, or hammering the string.
- Violin
- Viola
- Cello
- Double Bass
- Harp
The Plucked String Instrument Family
You may have noticed that I haven't listed guitars in the string family. That is because it is part of a sub-category of stringed instruments called the "plucked string instruments".
- Guitar
- Bass Guitar
- Lute
- Mandolin
- Balalaika
- Pipa
- Sitar
- Ukulele
- Banjo
The Woodwind Family
A diverse and enchanting group of instruments, the woodwind family, breathes life into melodies with their graceful and expressive voices. They produce sound by vibrating one or two reeds at the top of a wood or metal tube by passing air through the instrument.
From the ethereal flutes and the soulful clarinets to the mellifluous oboes and the warm tones of bassoons, woodwinds evoke a range of emotions through their delicate timbres.
With the ability to produce both gentle whispers and soaring melodies, these instruments possess unique flexibility.
- Piccolo
- Recorder
- Flute
- Oboe
- Cor Anglais
- Clarinet
- Bass Clarinet
- Saxophone
- Bassoon
- Contrabassoon
The Brass Family
The instruments of the Brass family involve the lips of the player vibrating in sympathetic resonance with the air within a conical metal pipe.
- Trumpet
- French Horn
- Trombone
- Bass Trombone
- Euphonium
- Sousaphone
- Tuba
- Cimbasso
The Keyboard Family
The keyboard family is a group of instruments that have brought harmony and melody to countless compositions throughout history. With their familiar layout of black and white keys, these instruments offer unique versatility and playability.
From the grandeur of the piano to the expressive nuances of the organ and the electronic wonders of synthesizers, keyboards have become integral to the fabric of music. With their ability to produce a wide range of tones and dynamics, keyboard instruments captivate listeners with their rich textures and captivating performances.
- Piano
- Harpsichord
- Clavichord
- Organ
- Celeste (sometimes included in the pitched percussion family)
- Synthesisers / Digital Pianos
- Accordion
The Percussion Family
As the percussion family is a very large family I have split it up into tuned and untuned percussion or pitched and non-pitched. This is based on whether the instrument can produce different pitches or not.
With all of these instruments, the sound is produced by hitting a part of the instrument.
Pitched Percussion Instruments
- Glockenspiel
- Marimba
- Xylophone
- Vibraphone
- Timpani
- Toms
Non-Pitched Percussion Instruments
- Snare drum
- Adam Tree
- Triangle
- Guiro
- Shakers
- Cymbals
- Tam Tam
As I have said, these are by no means all of the instruments in an orchestra but they certainly are the most common ones that you will encounter in your journey through orchestration.
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